Pedagogy MCQs (page 56 of 100)
Learning theories, child development, motivation, philosophy of education, teaching methods, curriculum and assessment, measurement and evaluation, classroom management, guidance and counselling, inclusive education, research, planning and school leadership, and Pakistan's education system. Includes applied, scenario-based questions in the style of recent FPSC SST (General) papers. For educator, SST, ESE, lecturer and other teaching posts.
1,997 questions. Select an option to check your answer, or open "Show answer". Showing 1101–1120.
- 1101.
According to Erikson, primary school children (about 6 to 12 years) face the crisis of:
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Answer: D. Industry vs inferiority
Children develop a sense of competence through school work and skills.
- 1102.
According to Erikson, the main crisis of adolescence is:
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Answer: A. Identity vs role confusion
Adolescents explore who they are and what they believe.
- 1103.
Erikson's stage of "autonomy vs shame and doubt" occurs in:
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Answer: B. Early childhood (about 1 to 3 years)
Toddlers want to do things for themselves, such as feeding and dressing.
- 1104.
Erikson's stage of "initiative vs guilt" occurs during:
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Answer: A. The preschool years
Children aged about 3 to 6 begin planning activities and taking initiative.
- 1105.
The final stage in Erikson's theory is:
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Answer: D. Integrity vs despair
Older adults reflect on whether their life has been meaningful.
- 1106.
Lawrence Kohlberg's theory deals with:
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Answer: D. Moral development
Kohlberg studied how people reason about right and wrong.
- 1107.
Kohlberg used stories such as the "Heinz dilemma" to study:
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Answer: A. Moral reasoning
Heinz must decide whether to steal a drug to save his dying wife.
- 1108.
Kohlberg's theory has how many levels of moral development?
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Answer: B. Three
Pre-conventional, conventional and post-conventional, each with two stages, making six stages.
- 1109.
At Kohlberg's pre-conventional level, moral decisions are based mainly on:
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Answer: D. Avoiding punishment and gaining rewards
Young children judge actions by their consequences for themselves.
- 1110.
The "good boy, good girl" orientation belongs to Kohlberg's:
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Answer: A. Conventional level
At stage 3 people act to win the approval of others.
- 1111.
Moral reasoning based on universal ethical principles belongs to Kohlberg's:
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Answer: B. Post-conventional level
Stage 6 reasoning follows self-chosen principles such as justice and human dignity.
- 1112.
Carol Gilligan criticised Kohlberg's theory for ignoring:
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Answer: C. An ethic of care
Gilligan argued that care and relationships are as important to moral reasoning as justice.
- 1113.
Sigmund Freud's theory of development is called:
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Answer: D. Psychosexual theory
Freud proposed five psychosexual stages.
- 1114.
The correct order of Freud's psychosexual stages is:
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Answer: D. Oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital
The stages run from infancy to adolescence.
- 1115.
According to Freud, the part of personality that works on the pleasure principle is the:
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Answer: C. Id
The id seeks immediate gratification.
- 1116.
According to Freud, the part of personality that works on the reality principle is the:
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Answer: C. Ego
The ego balances the id's demands against reality and the superego.
- 1117.
The superego in Freud's theory represents:
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Answer: C. Conscience and moral standards
It develops as children internalise the values of parents and society.
- 1118.
Primary school age in Freud's theory corresponds to the:
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Answer: C. Latency stage
In the latency stage (about 6 to puberty), sexual impulses are dormant and energy goes into learning and friendships.
- 1119.
Defence mechanisms such as rationalisation and projection were described in:
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Answer: A. Psychoanalytic theory
Freud and his daughter Anna Freud described how the ego protects itself from anxiety.
- 1120.
Making excuses to justify a failure, such as blaming a "tricky" exam, is the defence mechanism of:
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Answer: A. Rationalisation
Rationalisation gives an acceptable reason that hides the real one.