Pedagogy MCQs (page 77 of 100)
Learning theories, child development, motivation, philosophy of education, teaching methods, curriculum and assessment, measurement and evaluation, classroom management, guidance and counselling, inclusive education, research, planning and school leadership, and Pakistan's education system. Includes applied, scenario-based questions in the style of recent FPSC SST (General) papers. For educator, SST, ESE, lecturer and other teaching posts.
1,997 questions. Select an option to check your answer, or open "Show answer". Showing 1521–1540.
- 1521.
A researcher spends several months participating in school life to understand its culture. This method is:
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Answer: B. Ethnography (participant observation)
Ethnography studies a culture from the inside through prolonged participation.
- 1522.
A researcher combines test scores with interviews in a single study. This is:
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Answer: C. Mixed-methods research
Mixed methods combine quantitative and qualitative data.
- 1523.
A teacher notices learners struggle with fractions, tries a new strategy, collects evidence and reflects on the result. This is:
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Answer: C. Action research
Action research is carried out by practitioners to improve their own practice.
- 1524.
The purpose of a literature review in a research project is mainly to:
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Answer: B. Find out what is already known and where gaps remain
Reviewing earlier studies places the new study in context.
- 1525.
A researcher uses a questionnaire that has already been tried on a small group to fix unclear items. That trial is called a:
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Answer: D. Pilot study
A pilot study tests instruments and procedures before the main study.
- 1526.
Which practice is ethically required before collecting data from secondary school learners?
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Answer: B. Obtaining informed consent from parents and assent from learners
Ethical research with minors needs parental consent and the child's own agreement.
- 1527.
In research ethics, "anonymity" means:
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Answer: B. Responses cannot be linked to the person who gave them
With anonymity even the researcher cannot identify participants; confidentiality means identities are known but protected.
- 1528.
A participant wants to leave a study halfway through. The researcher should:
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Answer: A. Allow withdrawal without penalty
Voluntary participation includes the right to withdraw.
- 1529.
A researcher measures "classroom engagement" as the percentage of observed intervals in which a learner is on task. This is a/an:
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Answer: A. Operational definition
An operational definition states exactly how a concept will be measured.
- 1530.
A questionnaire asks learners to rate statements from "strongly agree" to "strongly disagree". This is a:
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Answer: C. Likert scale
The five- or seven-point agree–disagree format is a Likert scale.
- 1531.
A questionnaire item asks: "Do you like your teacher and the school timetable?" The main flaw is that it is:
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Answer: B. A double-barrelled question
It asks about two things at once, so a single answer is unclear.
- 1532.
The item "Don't you agree that homework is useful?" is an example of a:
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Answer: D. Leading question
Its wording pushes respondents towards a particular answer.
- 1533.
An interview in which the researcher uses a set of guiding questions but can follow up on interesting answers is:
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Answer: D. Semi-structured
Semi-structured interviews combine planned questions with flexibility.
- 1534.
A group discussion of 6–8 teachers led by a moderator to explore views on a policy is a:
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Answer: B. Focus group
Focus groups gather views through guided group interaction.
- 1535.
Research that looks back at existing differences, such as comparing learners who did or did not attend preschool, is called:
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Answer: C. Causal-comparative (ex post facto) research
The researcher studies causes after the fact, without manipulating them.
- 1536.
Two existing classes receive different teaching methods, without random assignment, and are tested before and after. This design is:
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Answer: A. Quasi-experimental
Intact groups are used instead of random assignment.
- 1537.
A single-subject design in which a behaviour is measured, an intervention is introduced, and then withdrawn to see if the behaviour returns is:
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Answer: D. A–B–A (reversal) design
Baseline (A), treatment (B) and return to baseline (A) show the effect of the intervention.
- 1538.
Combining the results of many studies statistically to find an overall effect is called:
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Answer: B. Meta-analysis
Meta-analysis pools results across studies.
- 1539.
A researcher analyses the frequency of gender stereotypes in 30 school textbooks. This method is:
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Answer: A. Content analysis
Content analysis systematically examines documents or media.
- 1540.
In historical research, a letter written by a person who took part in an event is a:
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Answer: B. Primary source
Primary sources are first-hand records of an event.