Pedagogy MCQs (page 73 of 100)
Learning theories, child development, motivation, philosophy of education, teaching methods, curriculum and assessment, measurement and evaluation, classroom management, guidance and counselling, inclusive education, research, planning and school leadership, and Pakistan's education system. Includes applied, scenario-based questions in the style of recent FPSC SST (General) papers. For educator, SST, ESE, lecturer and other teaching posts.
1,997 questions. Select an option to check your answer, or open "Show answer". Showing 1441–1460.
- 1441.
Action research in education is mainly conducted to:
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Answer: C. Solve an immediate practical problem in the teacher's own classroom or school
Teachers plan, act, observe and reflect to improve their own practice.
- 1442.
The term "action research" was coined by:
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Answer: A. Kurt Lewin
Lewin described a spiral of planning, action and fact-finding in the 1940s.
- 1443.
The correct cycle of action research is:
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Answer: A. Plan, act, observe, reflect
The cycle repeats as the teacher refines the solution.
- 1444.
A hypothesis is:
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Answer: C. A tentative statement about the relationship between variables, to be tested
Research collects evidence to support or reject it.
- 1445.
A null hypothesis states that:
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Answer: D. There is no significant difference or relationship
Researchers test the null hypothesis statistically.
- 1446.
In an experiment, the variable that the researcher manipulates is the:
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Answer: A. Independent variable
The dependent variable is the outcome that is measured.
- 1447.
A researcher studies whether a new teaching method improves test scores. The test scores are the:
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Answer: A. Dependent variable
Scores depend on the teaching method, which is the independent variable.
- 1448.
In an experiment, the group that does not receive the treatment is called the:
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Answer: B. Control group
Comparing it with the experimental group shows the effect of the treatment.
- 1449.
Research that describes conditions as they exist, without manipulating variables, is:
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Answer: D. Descriptive research
Surveys are a common type of descriptive research.
- 1450.
Research that investigates causes of existing differences after they have occurred is called:
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Answer: D. Causal-comparative (ex post facto) research
The researcher cannot manipulate the cause because it has already happened.
- 1451.
Historical research relies mainly on:
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Answer: A. Primary and secondary sources about past events
Primary sources are original records; secondary sources are accounts by others.
- 1452.
Qualitative research mainly uses:
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Answer: D. Words, observations and interviews
It explores meanings, experiences and context in depth.
- 1453.
Quantitative research mainly uses:
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Answer: A. Numerical data and statistical analysis
It measures variables and tests hypotheses.
- 1454.
A case study is:
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Answer: C. An in-depth study of a single person, group or institution
Case studies give rich detail but are hard to generalise.
- 1455.
The whole group about which a researcher wants to draw conclusions is the:
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Answer: B. Population
A sample is a smaller group selected from the population.
- 1456.
A sampling method in which every member of the population has an equal chance of selection is:
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Answer: B. Simple random sampling
Random sampling helps make the sample representative.
- 1457.
Dividing the population into subgroups such as gender and then sampling from each is:
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Answer: C. Stratified sampling
Stratified sampling ensures each subgroup is represented.
- 1458.
Selecting whole schools at random and studying all students in them is:
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Answer: B. Cluster sampling
Clusters are natural groups such as schools or villages.
- 1459.
Selecting participants who are easy to reach, such as one's own class, is:
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Answer: D. Convenience sampling
It is quick but may not represent the population.
- 1460.
A sampling method in which existing participants recruit others is:
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Answer: C. Snowball sampling
It is useful for hard-to-reach groups.