Pedagogy MCQs (page 52 of 100)
Learning theories, child development, motivation, philosophy of education, teaching methods, curriculum and assessment, measurement and evaluation, classroom management, guidance and counselling, inclusive education, research, planning and school leadership, and Pakistan's education system. Includes applied, scenario-based questions in the style of recent FPSC SST (General) papers. For educator, SST, ESE, lecturer and other teaching posts.
1,997 questions. Select an option to check your answer, or open "Show answer". Showing 1021–1040.
- 1021.
Thorndike's Law of Exercise states that:
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Answer: A. Connections are strengthened through use and weakened through disuse
This is why drill and repetition were emphasised in early behaviourist teaching.
- 1022.
Thorndike's Law of Readiness is most closely related to:
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Answer: D. The learner's preparedness and motivation to act
When a learner is ready to act, acting is satisfying; being prevented is annoying.
- 1023.
Insight learning was demonstrated by:
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Answer: C. Wolfgang Köhler
Köhler's chimpanzee Sultan joined sticks to reach bananas after a sudden grasp of the problem.
- 1024.
Köhler's experiments on insight were carried out with:
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Answer: A. Chimpanzees
He worked with chimpanzees on Tenerife during the First World War.
- 1025.
Gestalt psychology emphasises that:
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Answer: D. The whole is different from the sum of its parts
Gestalt psychologists studied how we perceive organised wholes and patterns.
- 1026.
Which of these psychologists is NOT one of the founders of Gestalt psychology?
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Answer: D. B. F. Skinner
Wertheimer, Koffka and Köhler founded Gestalt psychology; Skinner was a behaviourist.
- 1027.
Field theory and the concept of "life space" were proposed by:
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Answer: A. Kurt Lewin
Lewin described behaviour as a function of the person and their psychological environment, B = f(P, E).
- 1028.
Social learning theory, emphasising learning by observing others, was developed by:
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Answer: B. Albert Bandura
Bandura showed that people learn by watching models and the consequences of their actions.
- 1029.
Bandura's famous experiment on observational learning used a:
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Answer: B. Bobo doll
Children who watched an adult hit a Bobo doll were more likely to behave aggressively towards it.
- 1030.
According to Bandura, the four processes of observational learning are attention, retention, reproduction and:
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Answer: C. Motivation
Learners must notice, remember, be able to perform and want to perform the modelled behaviour.
- 1031.
Learning by watching someone else being rewarded for a behaviour is called:
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Answer: A. Vicarious reinforcement
Seeing a model rewarded makes the observer more likely to imitate the behaviour.
- 1032.
A person's belief in their ability to succeed at a specific task is called:
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Answer: C. Self-efficacy
Bandura introduced self-efficacy; it strongly affects effort and persistence.
- 1033.
Reciprocal determinism, in Bandura's theory, refers to the interaction between:
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Answer: D. Person, behaviour and environment
Each of the three factors influences the others.
- 1034.
Hull's drive-reduction theory explains learning in terms of:
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Answer: B. Reducing biological needs and drives
Clark Hull argued that behaviour that reduces a drive is reinforced.
- 1035.
Tolman's experiments with rats in mazes led to the idea of:
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Answer: A. Cognitive maps and latent learning
Rats learned the maze layout without reward and used it later when food was introduced.
- 1036.
Learning that occurs but is not shown until there is an incentive to show it is called:
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Answer: C. Latent learning
Edward Tolman demonstrated latent learning in rats.
- 1037.
Which learning theory views the learner mainly as a passive receiver of stimuli?
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Answer: C. Behaviourism
Behaviourists focused on observable responses to external stimuli rather than internal mental processes.
- 1038.
A token economy in a classroom is based on the principles of:
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Answer: D. Operant conditioning
Students earn tokens for desired behaviour and exchange them for rewards.
- 1039.
The Premack principle states that:
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Answer: D. A preferred activity can be used to reinforce a less preferred one
"Finish your maths, then you can play" uses a high-probability behaviour to reinforce a low-probability one.
- 1040.
Breaking a complex skill into a sequence of steps and reinforcing each link in order is called:
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Answer: A. Chaining
Each step becomes a cue for the next, as in learning to tie shoelaces.